Home / Satellite passes
Passes of satellites
Upcoming amateur satellite passes over my QTH — KO02ME (Warsaw‑Mokotów). Positions computed with the SGP4 algorithm directly in your browser, based on fresh TLE from Celestrak. Times in your local time zone.
Computing orbits…
AOS/LOS = rise above the horizon and drop below the horizon. Culmination is the maximum elevation of the pass — the higher it is, the easier the contact; passes below ~10° are often difficult in built‑up areas. The forecast refreshes each time you open the page.
QO-100 — always above the horizon
Es'hail-2 / QO-100 sits over the equator at 25.9°E, so it’s visible from Warsaw all the time — you set the dish once and it works 24/7. Below are the exact bearings from my QTH.
NB transponder (SSB/CW)
Uplink 2400.050–2400.300 MHz · downlink 10,489.550–10,489.800 MHz. Upper beacon 10,489.750 MHz. A 60–80 cm dish with an LNB is enough for reception, and a few watts on 13 cm for transmitting.
What and where to call
Centre frequencies — remember to correct Doppler manually (±10 kHz on 70 cm, ±3 kHz on 2 m). You can check current satellite status on amsat.org.
| Satellite | Uplink | Downlink | CTCSS tone | Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISS (ARISS) | 145.990 MHz | 437.800 MHz | 67.0 Hz | FM (crossband)APRS on 145.825 MHz; sometimes the crew’s voice on 145.800 |
| SO-50 | 145.850 MHz | 436.795 MHz | 67.0 Hz | FMa 74.4 Hz tone for 2 s arms the repeater for 10 min |
| AO-91 | 435.250 MHz | 145.960 MHz | 67.0 Hz | FMworks only in sunlight — damaged batteries |
| PO-101 | 437.500 MHz | 145.900 MHz | 141.3 Hz | FMswitched on periodically according to the operator’s schedule |
| RS-44 | 145.935–145.995 MHz | 435.610–435.670 MHz | — | SSB/CW (linear, inverting)CW beacon 435.605 MHz; high orbits = long passes |
| IO-117 “GreenCube” | 435.310 MHz (simplex) | — | GMSK 1k2 digipeaterMEO orbit ~5,800 km — coverage across all of Europe and beyond | |
| QO-100 | 2400.050–2400.300 MHz | 10,489.550–10,489.800 MHz | — | SSB/CW (linear, NB)geostationary — no Doppler, no passes |
How to make a QSO via satellite
The complete step‑by‑step guide — equipment, pointing, Doppler and your first contact via an FM “bird”.